Mai rushe kwayar halitta abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi na gwaji da ake amfani da shi don wargaza ƙwayoyin halitta da sakin abubuwan cikin salula.Ka'idar aiki na mai karya tantanin halitta yana dogara ne akan ka'idar karyawar jiki da motsi na inji, kuma ana samun manufar karya tantanin halitta ta hanyar samar da isasshen makamashi don lalata tsarin kwayoyin halitta.
Za a gabatar da ƙa'idar aiki na mai rushewar tantanin halitta daki-daki a ƙasa.Babban abubuwan da ke tattare da rushewar tantanin halitta sun haɗa da na'urar sarrafa saurin gudu, ɗakin murƙushewa, ƙwallo da bututun samfurin, da dai sauransu, daga cikinsu, ana amfani da na'urar sarrafa gudun don sarrafa saurin jujjuyawar ɗakin, wanda ke zama akwati don adanawa. samfurori da ƙwallayen murƙushewa, da ƙwallayen murƙushewa suna karya sel ta hanyar yin karo da samfuran.Kafin amfani da mai ɓarna tantanin halitta, yakamata a fara zaɓar matsakaicin da ya dace.Kafofin watsa labarai masu murkushe da aka fi amfani da su sune ƙwanƙolin gilashi, beads na ƙarfe da ƙyalli na quartz.
Babban abin la'akari a cikin zabar matsakaiciyar murƙushewa shine yanayin samfurin da manufar murƙushewa.Misali, ga sel masu rauni, ana iya amfani da ƙananan beads na gilashi don rushewa;don ƙarin sel masu wahala, ana iya zaɓar beads na ƙarfe masu wuya.A lokacin aikin murkushewa, sanya samfurin da za a murƙushe shi a cikin kwandon murƙushewa, kuma ƙara adadin da ya dace.Sa'an nan kuma, saurin jujjuyawar ɗakin murƙushe yana sarrafawa ta hanyar mai kula da sauri, ta yadda matsakaicin murkushewa da samfurin suna da ci gaba da karo na inji.Wadannan karo na iya rushe tsarin tantanin halitta ta hanyar canja wurin makamashi, tarwatsa membranes tantanin halitta da kwayoyin halitta, da sakin kayan ciki.
Tsarin aiki na mai rushewar tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu mahimmanci masu zuwa: saurin juyawa, girma da yawa na matsakaicin murƙushewa, lokacin murkushewa da zafin jiki.Na farko shine saurin juyawa.Zaɓin saurin juyawa yana buƙatar daidaitawa bisa ga nau'ikan tantanin halitta daban-daban da samfuran samfuri.
Gabaɗaya, don sel masu laushi, za'a iya zaɓar saurin juyawa mafi girma don ƙara yawan haɗuwa kuma don haka rushe sel cikin inganci.Don sel masu ƙarfi, tunda sun fi ƙarfin ƙarfi, ana iya rage saurin juzu'i don rage rushewar samfurin.
Na biyu shine girma da yawa na matsakaicin murƙushewa.Girma da yawa na matsakaicin murƙushewa zai shafi tasirin murƙushe kai tsaye.Ƙananan kafofin watsa labarai masu rikicewa na iya samar da ƙarin wuraren karo, yana sauƙaƙa wargaza tsarin salula.Manyan kafofin watsa labarai masu murƙushewa suna buƙatar dogon lokacin murkushewa.
Bugu da ƙari, yawan ƙwayar murƙushewa kuma zai shafi ƙarfin haɗuwa, maɗaukaki mai yawa zai iya haifar da rarrabuwa mai yawa na samfurin.Lokacin rushewa shine muhimmin ma'auni don rushewar tantanin halitta.Zaɓin lokacin murkushewa ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga nau'in samfurin da tasirin murƙushewa.Yawanci, tsawon lokacin rushewar, mafi yawan sel suna rushewa, amma kuma yana iya haifar da lalacewa ga wasu sassan samfurin.Na ƙarshe shine sarrafa zafin jiki.Ba za a iya yin watsi da tasirin zafin jiki akan rarrabuwar tantanin halitta ba.Yawan zafin jiki mai yawa na iya haifar da raguwar furotin da acid nucleic a cikin sel, don haka yana tasiri tasirin rarrabuwa.Sabili da haka, ana ba da shawarar yin rushewar tantanin halitta a ƙarƙashin yanayin cryogenic, wanda za'a iya ragewa ta amfani da chiller ko aiki akan kankara.
Masu rushe kwayar halitta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a binciken nazarin halittu.Ta hanyar daidaita sigogi masu dacewa kamar saurin juyawa, girma da yawa na matsakaicin murkushewa, murkushe lokaci da zafin jiki, ana iya samun ingantaccen murkushe sel.Bayan da kwayoyin halitta suka karye, ana iya samun nau'o'in abubuwa daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin halitta, irin su sunadarai, acid nucleic, enzymes, da dai sauransu, wanda ke ba da muhimmiyar mahimmanci don bincike da bincike na gaba.A takaice dai, tantanin halitta wani muhimmin kayan aikin gwaji ne, kuma ka'idar aikinsa ta dogara ne akan ka'idar karya jiki da girgizar injina.Ana iya samun ingantaccen rushewar sel ta hanyar sarrafa sigogi daban-daban kamar saurin juyawa, girma da yawa na matsakaicin rushewa, lokacin rushewa da zafin jiki.Ana amfani da mai rushe tantanin halitta, yana ba da sauƙi da goyan baya ga masu bincike a cikin binciken da ya danganci ilimin halitta.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-06-2023